Any health condition that affects your breathing can be uncomfortable and disruptive to daily life. There are different types of acute respiratory infection, each with its own causes, symptoms and recommended treatments. This article outlines key information about these infections and when to seek medical care.
The two major types of respiratory infection
The respiratory system controls your breathing and consists of two parts: the upper respiratory tract (nose, throat, sinuses, and voice box) and the lower respiratory tract (lungs, bronchi, and air sacs). Infections are usually categorised as upper or lower tract infections based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
What are the different symptoms, and how severe is the infection is
Upper respiratory infections such as the common cold, tonsillitis, mild flu, and sinusitis typically present with symptoms including cough, congestion, runny nose, and sneezing. Some people may also experience some muscular pain and headaches. Lower respiratory tract infection symptoms can be more severe, as they may significantly affect breathing, causing chest tightness, shortness of breath, and wheezing. These symptoms are typical of less common illnesses, such as severe influenza, pneumonia, and bacterial tuberculosis.
Are infections contagious?
Most of these infections are viral and spread from person to person via exposure to the virus, either through direct contact or via airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The duration of contagion depends on the infection. The cold virus, for example, can typically be passed on from the infected person for between five and seven days after they first show symptoms.
Which Different age groups can be more vulnerable to certain respiratory infections
Children are at greater risk of infections such as croup, bronchiolitis, whooping cough, and asthma because their airways are smaller and not fully developed. They are also more likely to be exposed to infection due to frequent contact with lots of other children at school. Older people are at greater risk of developing complications from the flu because their bodies aren't always as equipped to fight infection, making them more vulnerable to serious illnesses like pneumonia.
Respiratory infections can keep recurring if left untreated
Chronic (long-term) respiratory issues can damage the lungs and increase susceptibility to future infections. You may also be at greater risk if your immune system is suppressed, which certain medications can cause. If you're worried about the frequency of infection, contact your doctor, who may want to investigate further.
What are the steps to reduce the risk of infection
Good hygiene, such as regular handwashing, is often the best defence against catching respiratory infections. A healthy diet, a good sleep routine, and regular light exercise help ensure your immune system's operating at full capacity, which can help prevent potential infections from taking hold. You can also ask about the annual flu vaccine when you speak to one of our doctors.
What are the next steps?
It's highly recommended to seek medical advice if you're worried about your symptoms or those of a family member. At 13 Cure, we operate across every Australian state and offer GP home visits out of hours to ensure you've got peace of mind, whatever the time of day. Sign in or register to book an appointment today.
